Green Guru LLC — Irrigation & Landscape Lighting

(248) 790‑0571 8 AM - 5 PM (M-F) 9 AM - 2 PM (Sat)

Landscape Lighting

Low-Voltage Landscape Lighting Guide

A practical, field-tested guide to low-voltage lighting: design, fixture selection, wiring methods, transformer sizing/taps, testing, and long-term maintenance.

Voltage drop basics Waterproof splices Transformer sizing & taps Service-first standards

Plan

Design for the right effect

Choose fixture types and placement that improve safety and curb appeal without glare.

Build

Wire it to last

Use the right wire gauge, balanced runs, and sealed connections to prevent repeat failures.

Maintain

Keep it predictable

Test, re-aim, and keep splices serviceable so performance stays consistent as landscaping grows.

How we think about lighting (service-first)

  • 1

    Start with the goal

    Safety, curb appeal, entertaining, or architectural highlights—each needs a different plan.

  • 2

    Build the power plan

    Transformer sizing + taps should match run length and load for even brightness.

  • 3

    Protect connections

    Most failures are moisture + corrosion. Waterproof splices prevent intermittent outages.

  • 4

    Test & tune at night

    Aim, reduce glare, and verify voltage under load so the system looks right in real conditions.

Green Guru LLC designs and installs custom low-voltage landscape lighting systems—then supports them with repair, upgrades, and long-term maintenance. This guide summarizes the planning and build standards we use in the field.

What "low voltage" means

Most landscape lighting systems run on 12V (sometimes 15V taps) supplied by a transformer converting household power down to a safer working voltage. Low-voltage systems are flexible, serviceable, and ideal for paths, entries, trees, garden beds, and architectural accents.

Why systems fail (and how to avoid it)

  • Voltage drop: long runs on small wire gauge or overloaded runs
  • Moisture and corrosion: unsealed splices and water intrusion
  • Transformer mismatch: insufficient capacity or wrong tap usage
  • Physical damage: critters, aeration, edging, shovels

Design first: objectives and zones

Great lighting starts with a goal: safety, security, curb appeal, or entertaining. We break designs into zones (front walk, driveway, backyard living, tree accents) and choose fixture types to match the effect.

Fixture selection (what to use where)

Path & step lighting

Consistent spacing, controlled glare, and enough output for safe footing.

Accents (trees, walls, features)

Aim for texture and depth - avoid \"spotlight on the house\" unless that's the intent.

Wiring methods (best practice)

  • Daisy chain: simple for short runs; watch voltage drop
  • T-method: feeds from the middle to balance runs
  • Hub method: best uniformity; reduces field splices

Related: Wire gauge + voltage drop basics.

Voltage drop basics (the #1 performance killer)

Voltage drop is what causes a system to look great near the transformer and weak at the far end. It is driven by distance, load (wattage), and wire gauge. The fix is almost always a better wiring plan: rebalance runs, shorten the longest leg, use thicker wire, or use transformer taps strategically.

Related: Troubleshooting voltage drop.

Transformer sizing + taps

Add total fixture wattage and size the transformer with headroom. A common rule is 25% capacity margin so the transformer runs cooler and the system has room for future additions. Multi-tap transformers help solve voltage drop by letting you feed longer runs with a higher tap so the far end lands closer to the target voltage.

Related: Transformer (multi-tap) guide.

Splices + corrosion prevention

Most chronic lighting issues come back to splices: moisture intrusion and corrosion create intermittent failures. The standard is simple: keep connections sealed, strain-relieved, and serviceable.

  • Use waterproof connectors rated for direct burial
  • Keep splices out of standing water and away from high-traffic shovel zones
  • Reduce splice count with hub wiring where possible

Related: Waterproof splices guide.

LED retrofits + color temperature

LED retrofits are one of the best upgrades for older systems—but only when the system is wired and tapped correctly. We match beam angle, output, and color temperature to the design objective so the result looks cohesive.

  • Warm white is the default for most residential landscapes (inviting, natural materials look better).
  • Beam control matters: avoid glare and hotspots by selecting the right optics for the task.

Related: LED retrofit options and MR16 LED guide.

Testing & adjustment

After installation or repairs, we test at night, confirm coverage, and adjust aim to eliminate glare. If a run is dim at the end, we rebalance loads or change wiring strategy.

Control & scheduling (timers, photocells, smart control)

Most lighting systems are controlled by a mechanical timer, a photocell, or both. When those components drift or fail, the system becomes unreliable (lights on in daylight, or off at night). If the wiring and transformer are healthy, a control upgrade is often the fastest quality-of-life improvement.

  • Fast retrofit: Add app-based transformer control using the Brilliance Wi-Fi Smart Socket 3.0 (plug-in, no rewiring).
  • HOA / no Wi-Fi cases: Use the Green Guru Smart Link as the connectivity foundation for select deployments where customer Wi-Fi isn’t available/reliable at the transformer.
  • Service-first note: Control upgrades work best after voltage drop and splice integrity are addressed.

Related: Lighting upgrades: smart control.

Maintenance checklist

  • Clean lenses and remove mulch growth that blocks light
  • Inspect splices annually
  • Re-aim fixtures as plants mature
  • Verify transformer loading and timer settings
Our standard stack: contractor-grade fixtures designed for easy installs and long-term serviceability (we often build with Alliance Outdoor Lighting), plus energy-efficient, long-lasting LED lamps when upgrades are needed (Brilliance LED is a common fit for retrofit work), and waterproof splice discipline using connector systems from brands like King Innovation.

Need help? If your lights are dim, flickering, or half the system is out, we can troubleshoot and modernize the system quickly.

Book Lighting Service

Fast help

We design and install new systems, modernize older systems, and fix the root causes behind dim, intermittent, or failed lighting.

Book Lighting Service Request a Free Inspection

Also see: Lighting Services, Repairs, Upgrades, and parts & accessories.